Monzo, a fintech start up approaching Unicorn status, is a Product Management case study in the making. While it is easy to pick successful businesses and look backwards, self-selecting the examples you want to make the case of what you should do, Monzo is the opposite. They are still in the start-up phase and by monitoring their progress you can see how these practices work in the real world. By looking and monitoring Monzo, you can also learn how to differentiate successfully your offering, regardless of the industry.
Truly customer centric
What differentiates Monzo from other tech start-ups is that although they are clearly data driven they are even more customer driven. I became a fan of Monzo’s strategy by starting as a customer and seeing that they were truly customer-centric. Living on the Isle of Man, it is often a challenge working with financial institutions, as we are not part of the UK or EU. While setting up a debit card with one of Monzo’s competitors, Revolut, was an exercise in frustration, Monzo clearly had its team focused on creating a good user experience. Rather than a multi-day response to chats from a CS rep based in a low-cost location (the Revolut model), Monvo offered near real time support as I was trying to navigate setting up from the Isle of Man. This customer focus secured me as a loyal customer – and advocate – at a time when I was looking for a long-term fin partner. Monzo is now my card of choice even though there offering is feature-wise like Revolut. Given the importance of engagement and retention on LTV, this was a wise investment on Monzo’s part.
Product strategy based on making customers life easier
From a product development and management point of view, Monzo is somewhat unique in that it focuses on eliminating friction from customers’ daily life rather than adding a list of features. Monzo sent to its customers a blog post from its CEO about its plans for 2019 and what struck me was that most of the new features they will test were aimed at reducing or eliminating (in Blue Ocean parlance) rather than adding:
Automatically compare utility options, such as energy providers, so the customer does not have to go to price comparison sites
A way to get a mortgage or refinance with less paperwork
Centralizing a customer’s loyalty schemes and reward programs
Offering different types of insurance without complex terms and conditions
Help building and tracking a customer’s credit score, as most customers do not know how their credit scores are calculated (and the credit agencies are not transparent)
What is particularly thought-provoking with these features that they are considering is not that they are innovative but that they make the customers’ life easier. They are not trying to be the coolest start-up; I did not see the words AI, crypto or VR anywhere in their roadmap. Instead, Monzo is focused on eliminating hurdles their customers face in their daily lives.
Great FTUE and simple UIUX
Another area where Monzo excels is its first-time user experience (FTUE) and user interface and experience (UIUX). When I first signed up for Monzo, I found its FTUE unique in that they turned a potentially negative experience into a positive and viral moment. When I first applied for Monzo’s debit card, they apparently were experiencing rapid growth and there was a delay in completing the KYC (know your customer) process and delivering physical debit cards. Rather than ask you to endure the delays, thus immediately decreasing your satisfaction, Monzo placed me in a queue with specific information on how many customers were ahead of me and when I would receive my card. They then allowed me to jump ahead by recommending Monzo to friends (which I did), and immediately updating how many people were still ahead of me in the queue. Even before becoming a customer, they turned me into an advocate. They then created a positive feeling by giving me control and visibility into the process.
Beyond the initial experience, Monzo has a very straightforward user interface, it is very easy to navigate and learn how to use the features. You never need a tutorial or help, the product is designed to allow you to determine quickly how to conduct transactions.
Monzo reminds me of Uber, where upon opening the app anyone can figure out how to request a ride. Creating a simple UI, however, is more difficult than creating a complex AI. Any designer can build a UI with 100 options, nested in menu after menu. Reducing those options requires a deep understanding of the customer journey and where the customer is getting value as well as hard decisions on what to include and what to delete.
The UI is also consistent with the product approach described above on making the customers’ life easier rather than just providing them with more options. If the product team simply added feature upon feature, then even the best UI designer would be unable to keep the app’s user interface clean. With alignment between the product and design team, Monzo can focus entirely on removing complications from its customers’ lives.
Lessons
The strategy that Monzo is pursuing provides many useful practices for companies in other parts of the tech space, gaming, gambling, etc. Rather than trying to differentiate yourself from competitors by adding fancy bells and whistles, look at ways you can make your product easier and simpler than competitors (again, more difficult than just adding a new game to your offering). Also, ensure that everything is aligned to your strategy with your customer. If you are trying to provide a fast, clean experience, then not only should the product team develop consistent features, but your support team should focus on creating a complimentary experience and your design team should ensure the app reflects this focus.
Key takeaways
Monzo, a UK based FinTech start-up, is a future case study in product management best practices. By looking and following Monzo, businesses in other industries can learn how to differentiate their offering.
Key to Monzo is a product strategy focused on making its customers lives easier rather than adding glitzy features.
Monzo is successful by aligning its entire business on making a customer’s experience simple, from product features to the first time user experience to the overall user interface through customer support.
When I listed my expectations for 2019, the one that generated the most conversation was that the convergence between Real Money Gaming and social casino would accelerate. The underlying driver of this convergence is that both ecosystems are strong and have many learnings to offer. Real Money casino is a $10.6 billion business. Meanwhile, social casino is a $5.4 billion industry that has grown every year since 2012 and is projected to continue growing 7-12 percent per year through 2022.
What social casino can learn from Real Money gaming
Content is king
Real Money casinos focus on adding more content (slots and table games) to increase revenue. While social casino operators also will profess content is king and acknowledge that new games are the strongest driver of KPIs, they do not have the singular focus on adding content that their Real Money counterparts have. Most social casino companies are happy releasing a new slot every second week and launching with 20-30 machines. Conversely, the top Real Money casinos often have over 500 slots and introduce new games much more rapidly.
Given the proven results from launching new content, social casinos should look at much more aggressive content schedules. To achieve this result, social casinos will need to move from their reliance on exclusive, homemade content.
Real Money operators can launch hundreds of games because they license the slots non-exclusively, thus providing access to thousands of slot machines and table games. While exclusivity does provide a unique selling point, many of the homemade social slots are not truly unique. They have common themes and standard math, they are effectively a commodity. Thus the exclusivity is only a perceived advantage, it has no value to the player. Rather than recreating the wheel for every machine, social casinos can still create a unique machine every two weeks (or four weeks or one week) but supplement it with non-exclusive content from the many third-party slot developers.
Cross-sell
While most social casino operators are focused on creating a strong slots app and then optimizing acquisition for that app, Real Money operators have a more robust model. While they still will acquire slots players for their casino products, they have entire verticals that exist largely to acquire players that can be cross-sold into casino. Virtually all the Real Money Bingo products derive the bulk of their revenue from slots. While sports betting is a profitable real money vertical on its own, all of the major sports betting companies rely on slots to drive LTV and allow for more aggressive user acquisition.
In the social space, the siloes are much stronger. Only Kama Games, which uses products like Blackjackist and Roulettist to drive traffic to its poker offering, regularly uses other casino mechanics to acquire players and then cross sell them to its core poker product. Even the social game companies with strong bingo products generally treat bingo as a standalone vertical with its own P&L, just acquiring players for bingo rather than to cross sell into their slots offerings.
Social game companies need to look more at their ecosystem rather than individual products. This will allow them to acquire more players at a higher ROI.
New mechanics
All successful social casino products are based on mechanics proven in the real money space (either land based or online) but not all real money gaming mechanics have made it to social casino. One of the challenges faced by social casino is that the number of players is no longer growing. While revenue continues to increase, it is driven by better monetization of the player base, rather than expanding the player base. One of the most obvious ways to appeal to more players is offering more gameplay options.
There are several real money mechanics that could benefit social casino companies:
Sports betting. Sports betting is the largest Real Money gaming vertical, worth well over $22 billion. Social casino companies have tried to replicate Real Money sports betting apps with no success; they have failed for several reasons. The products are normally very complicated, not lending itself to a new sports betting player. Sports betting is also very event driven (you are only interested when there is a match you want to bet on), while social games rely on strong daily retention. Despite these issues, given the overall interest in sports, strength of social fantasy applications and lack of Real Money sports betting in some core markets, a creative game designer can come up with the killer social app for this segment.
Virtual sports. Virtual sports is an important but small part of the online real money gaming ecosystem. Technology, however, has made it much more viable and a great option for social casino companies. Virtual sports are similar to slot machines in that winning is based on a random number generator with set odds, they just simulate a real sporting event. Technology, however, has made these simulated games look as good as real sports. The video below from virtual sports provider Inspired Gaming shows these matches look better than what you would see on a gaming console. Unlike actual sports betting, virtual sports are always available to the player so you can create an experience players can return to daily.
Live dealer. Live dealer games are the fastest growing mechanic in the real money gaming space. Companies led by Evolution Gaming, provide games where customers play against a live dealer or host through a video feed. Just as with virtual sports, technology has made this offering much better than only a few years ago, with smoother and higher quality streaming. It is the fastest growing segment of real money gaming and virtually when any B2C company reports its financial results, Live Dealer is the highlight or only bright spot. There are challenges integrating it into social games, bandwidth costs, one-to-one dealer requirements, etc., but as Stars Group showed these issues can be overcome.
New Audience
Real Money gaming shows that the addressable market is not limited to 40+ women. While 73 percent of social casino players are female, 65 percent of real money gamers (and 55 percent of real money casino players) are men. With user growth stagnant in social casino, appealing to a male demographic can expand the market for social casino.
Offer driven user acquisition
While social casino companies are more sophisticated with their overall digital marketing, Real Money operators are better at using promotional offers to bring in players. Promotions, such as a free money welcome bonus, spin to win, triple winnings their first day playing, etc., have a very strong pull. While the cost in Real Money of these promotions is sometimes challenging, in social casino they are less risky as providers are only gifting virtual currency. These offers are complicated by AppStore restrictions but this challenge is not insurmountable and more creative offers will improve social game companies user acquisition efforts.
VIP 3.0
While social casino is more reliant on VIPs than Real Money casinos, more than 60 percent of social casino revenue comes from 0.5 percent of players, Real Money operators are much more sophisticated in working with their VIPs. Only a few social casino operators, such as Zynga, have true VIP management programs, most social casinos have one person (who may also be responsible for social media or support) who runs their VIP “program.” Conversely, the most successful real money casinos have a more robust VIP support initiative:
Proactive. While much of VIP management in social casino is better customer support for spenders, VIP management in Real Money gaming consists of proactively reaching out to your top players and understanding them as a process. The VIP team can then anticipate problems or opportunities and provide a better experience to the player.
Rake back or loss return. Many real money gaming companies (both land based and online) refund part of player losses to their best players. This practice allows players to take more risks and helps overcome periods of bad luck. While it is a controversial practice, many in the real money space lament the cost is not worth the effort, it is a strong way to increase loyalty of your most active players.
First class promotions. Why are most fights in Las Vegas, answer is so the casinos can give their VIPs front row seats. Real Money operators will send their top players to great sporting events, sold out concerts, the top restaurants or even a luxury cruise to show their appreciation. While VIPs will often spend over $200,000 in a social game, these VIPs are often rewarded with a t-shirt (if they are lucky). Treating top VIPs similarly to the real money industry will keep them more engaged with social casino offerings.
Hospitality events. Not only do Real Money casinos send their VIPs to great events, they create great events. By creating your own event, you are building something unique that competitors cannot replicate and the player cannot get anywhere else. Thus, they are less likely to churn as they would not want to lose access to these events, while they can always buy fight or concert tickets. It is also a great opportunity for your VIP team to build personal relationships with your VIPs, and the personal bond is often stronger than financial benefits of being a VIP.
By replicating these practices, social casinos can reduce VIP churn and improve their lifetime value to the company.
What Real Money gaming can learn from social casino
Although Real Money casino is a larger business, in many ways it is less sophisticated than social gaming. For many years, Real Money casino operators could succeed by getting a stable product in front of customers. With LTVs upward of $400, they had significant margin of error in user acquisition and product features. Conversely, social casinos continuously had to optimize all facets of their business to continue growing. This optimization has led to the development of many features and tactics that can benefit Real Money gaming.
Progression
Providing progression serves many valuable purposes in games. First, it gives people a reason to play, they want to keep moving forward. Even in Real Money gaming, studies have shown over 65 percent do not play to win money, thus progression will appeal to the majority of these customers.
Progression also prevents churn. Loss aversion is a very strong driver of behaviour, people do not want to lose something they already have. The endowment effect also explains that they will also overvalue it.
In addition to reducing churn, progression increases engagement. Players want to complete as many levels as quickly as possible. If there are outstanding levels, they will want to reach them as they will want to finish everything open.
Progression also is a strong monetization driver. Candy Crush is a great example of a game genre that did not monetize but by adding progression King.com was able to create a billion-dollar franchise. Progression prompts players to want to keep playing even when they are out of chips, so thus depositing more, and to play at higher stakes, increasing their bet size.
In the Real Money casino world, where players will often jump between casino offerings to capitalize on the best promotions, progression creates loyal and valuable customers.
Social features
Social features are another strong behaviour driver that has largely been perfected by free to play games. Social interaction is a core value for customers, driving success across many industries. While many features satisfy base needs, social interaction appeals to a higher need and thus people are willing to pay more for it and less likely to give it up. The success of Big Fish Casino, and more recently Huuuge Games, shows how social features can create a unique and very profitable market position. Outside of the casino space, Clash of Clans is a great example of social features driving billions in revenue.
There are many different types of social features that Real Money casino operators can implement, with some of the most successful including:
Guilds or clans, where players join together to overcome challenges or compete with other groups.
Group challenges, so players have to team together to win rewards.
Chat, to enable players to interact with each other.
Customizable and useful player profiles, so players can know more about other players.
Social shares to unlock gifts.
Personalized videos, so players can share their gameplay with friends.
Team competitions, where players form teams to get higher scores (which could be chips won) than other teams.
Synchronous slot game play.
Social lobby, so players know they are not playing alone.
Visibility into where friends and other players are winning.
Player review of games and slots, similar to Amazon.
Referral program, so your players can also be your evangelists.
Some of these features will work better in certain products than others but a mix of these features will not only create bonds with your players but amongst your players.
UIUX
Social casino developers provide a much cleaner and smoother user interface (UI) and user experience (UX) than real money gaming companies. Players can quickly start playing and there is virtually no learning curve. It is easy to navigate in the product, take advantage of offers and understand every offering. Real Money, conversely, often overwhelms the customer with choice, increasing the cognitive load. This problem is not only in the lobby but in the products, betting options are often very complex and confusing. Overall, social gaming companies create an experience much more consistent with customers expectations in 2019.
In-product VIP
While Real Money gaming companies are great at hosting and managing their VIPs, social game companies are much better at giving them incentives and rewards in product. Virtually all social casinos have an in-game VIP system, where the more VIPs play, the more privileges they earn. This type of automated system provides continuous reinforcement and reminds VIPs why they want to remain in their favourite product.
Events
Within the past year, social casinos have become very adept at creating events that boost engagement. It could be the December Challenge or the Race to the Mountain Top, but in effect it is a collection of challenges and specialized content that is available for a limited time. Often the player has a chance to win an item(s) that is only available by completing the event and will not be available again, creating an incentive both to participate and to visit the game regularly (so they know about the events). These events also break the monotony of playing the same games repeatedly. Finally, they can provide an incentive to try new slots or mechanics.
The most successful social games are now running at least one event daily and this practice can be replicated in the Real Money world. A regular schedule of events increase loyalty, engagement and monetization.
Key takeaways
The strength of both the Real Money Gaming and social casino businesses suggest they both have many lessons to offer.
Social casino companies should focus on adding even more content than they do currently (in part by using third party content they do not have exclusively), create an ecosystem based on cross-sell, try game mechanics from Real Money gaming (sports, virtual sports, live dealer), try to engage male players, create more unique new player offers and replicate the high-touch VIP programs found in real money.
Real Money casinos can improve their profitability by adding progression mechanic, social features, more simple user interface and user experience, in-product VIP programmes and daily events.
Neuromarketing is a very exciting new field that is driving business growth, think Big Data ten years ago. The course, taught by Neuromarketing pioneer Thomas Zoëga Ramsøy of the Copenhagen Business School, delves into neuroscience and how both small and large companies can use it. It leverages increasing understanding in how the brain works with the emergence of behavioral economics and data-driven marketing.
While marketing in the past largely relied on intuition, surveys and focus groups, neuromarketing starts by understanding how the brain functions and what parts of the brain drive different behavior. By understanding what parts of the brain drive emotion, motivation, etc., you can then create products and marketing campaign most likely to get customers to purchase.
While I am not the person to summarize how the brain works, below are some of the key learnings from Professor Ramsøy’s course and implications for the game industry.
Cognitive Load
The concept of cognitive load is critical to the success of many products, from games like slots to apps like Uber. Given the the human brain consumers 20 percent of the body’s energy but only is 2 percent of the body’s mass, it is important to understand that people will subconsciously work to reduce the amount of energy the brain is using.
Cognitive load is how much info people are processing at any one time. Cognitive load is tied to working memory, the more information in that short-term memory the higher the cognitive load. As cognitive load increases, consumers are less likely to make a purchasing decision.
The concept of cognitive load also confirms why UIUX is often better when simpler. A simple user experience minimizes cognitive load, thus not creating too much strain.
Implications
It is important to manage proactively consumers’ cognitive load. Giving consumers many choices increases their cognitive load, thus making them less likely to purchase. Thus, it is critical that rather than giving your customer 25 different packages they can buy, keep the purchasing decision simple.
While simpler is better is often considered the goal of UIUX, it often is abandoned so new features can be added. The reality is that simpler is more important than features and you need to build your products not as a tradeoff between the two but as something that focuses on minimizing customers cognitive load.
Uber is a great example of the success of this strategy. From a very simple interface to only a few options to not even letting customers think about tipping to not even having to worry about paying, using Uber requires very little thought. Yet this incredibly simple app has made Uber worth over $60 billion.
Not only is cognitive load important when creating the overall product but also the underlying mechanic in the product. People often question the enduring popularity of slot machines. There are, however, virtually no game mechanics that have lower cognitive load than slots. The slot mechanic provides entertainment without using too much energy. When creating other mechanics, it is critical to understand how much mental energy they will consume.
Search and attention
One of the most powerful applications of neuromarketing is related to search and what consumers select following the search process. Critically, there are two types of search, and each is driven by different parts of the brain.
First there is bottom-up search, which is largely unconscious. This is where a person comes across something and it grabs your attention. Certain receptors in eyes more receptive to things like contrast and density. The best example is when you are in a grocery store and you notice something you were not planning on buying. This type of search is generally driven by colors, shape and density. Consumers are likely to buy some that grabs their attention. As much of consumer behavior is unconscious,
The other type of search is top-down, which is primarily conscious. This is when somebody is searching for something in particular. You may again be in a grocery store and looking for eggs. You will focus your mental energy on thinking hard and finding what you need.
Implications
You need to design your UIUX based on what type of search your customers will be conducting. If they are conducting a top-down search, then you do not have to prioritize making it that visible. They will find it regardless. Conversely, if you want to engage your easier (get them to try a new feature or new content or have them think about monetizing), then you want to stand out during a bottom-up search.
In this case, there are some great new tools for UIUX to optimize visual search results. Professor Ramsøy, who taught the course, has a commercial product called Neurovision. Neurovision allows you to put in an image of your game (in our case) and see what players will notice without the need of a fancy heat test, thus what will jump out in a bottom-up search (see example below):
It is also often used by retailers (including Walmart and Home Depot) to understand what consumers will see while walking through their store, it can even analyze what people will notice during videos. Neurovision is one of a host of new products based on Neuroscience that help you scientifically improve your products rather than relying on anecdotal experience with a limited number of users.
Branding
The value of brands is often debated but neuromarketing shows the value of a brand. Brands impact how we perceive and enjoy a product and stimulate additional parts of the brain that the product would not normally impact.
As discussed with cognitive load, the brain uses a lot of energy and consumers are constantly looking at ways to minimize this energy usage. Brands help consumers save energy because when they see a brand they are familiar with, the branding fills in a lot of information that they do not have to then ascertain (quality, style, etc.). Thus, when deciding between a branded product and a brand they are not familiar with (or no brand) the branded product has an advantage as choosing it requires less energy.
While this analysis may not seem like neuromarketing, neuromarketing confirms it. When people who have been exposed to branding for a certain paint are then in the paint section of a hardware store, eye-tracking confirms that they spend more attention on products from brands they are aware of. This phenomenon then leads to a higher likelihood of purchase.
Branding also helps with search, particularly bottom up search. While a consumer focused on finding a specific product or specific feature set may not respond to branding, as they are doing a top-down search, someone who is browsing for a new product (say a new casino app), a familiar brand would make it more likely to gain a customer’s attention.
Finally, branding stimulates parts of the brain that then impact how consumers feel about a product. A strong brand will create positive emotions around a product even before the consumer evaluates the product.
Implications
Branding is not dead or useless in a performance marketing world. Strong brand can translate into a higher impact from your performance marketing, customers are more likely to click on your ads. They are also more likely to pick your product when searching organically for one.
Using Neuroscience
Neuroscience is a strong tool to help improve your product and marketing. By understanding how the brain processes information, you can tailor your product and marketing to optimize your chances for success.
Key takeaways
Neuromarketing, based on neuroscience, uses understanding of the brain to drive product and marketing decisions, just as big data creates much higher returns.
You can increase sales and satisfaction by minimizing cognitive load, how much your customer’s brain has to process navigating your app or store
Your UIUX should account for whether your customer is conducint a top-down search (looking for something in particular) or bottom-up search where you want them to find something.
The Business of Social Games and Casino 